7 Chapter 7 – What is light?

OpenStax Astronomy Chapter 5: Radiation and Spectra

Light as a Wave

Section 5.1

I. Light =                                                      , Light =                                                           

A. Can tell us about:                                                                                                                                                        

B. Use                                                                           to collect light of all                                                                    

1. Light is                             just what our eyes can see

II. Light as a                                           

A. Light is a                                                                wave – up and down, ripples in a pond

B. Sound is a                                                              wave – Requires a                                                to travel through, like air

1. No sound in                                          , because no medium

III. Properties of Waves

A.                                                                     (λ): length between peaks of wave

B.                                                                      (ν): number of waves that pass by each second

C. Wavelength and frequency are related to the                                                                             (c)

1. c =                                                                               (wavelength times frequency)

2. c is a                                                                                                       speed, c = 186,000 miles/s or 670,000,000 mph

a. Light takes                                                     to travel across space

D. Light with a                                       wavelength has                                    frequency, because the speed of light is always the                                           

E. Light with a short                                                       has a high (fast)                                                    

Light as a Particle

IV. Light as a                                                              

A. Light behaves like                                                  a wave and a particle (wave-particle duality)

B.                                                    : particle or packet of light

C. Photons carry specific amounts of                                                       

D.                                                                   photons = light with                                         frequency and                               wavelength

1. Examples:                                                                                                          

E.                                                                     photons = light with                                     frequency and                                 wavelength

1. Examples:                                                                                                                

F. Application: Two laser beams with the same energy (intensity) but different                                           will emit different                                                                                                        in one second

1.                                             low energy photons needed to create                               amount of energy, same level of intensity

2. Blue laser:                                           energy, emits                                                   photons (quarters)

3. Red laser:                                             energy, emits                                                  photons (pennies)

Car radios usually have 2 different frequency ranges: FM and AM.

  • FM: 88 to 107 MHz (million cycles per second)
  • AM: 570 to 1600 kHz (thousand cycles per second)

Which statement(s) are true?

A.  FM photons have shorter wavelengths than  AM.
B.  FM photons have higher energies than AM.
C.  FM photons travel at the same speed as AM.
D.  All the above statements are true.

The Electromagnetic Spectrum

Section 5.2 

V. Electromagnetic (EM)                                                         

A. Light is an                                                                                 wave – caused by                                              electric and magnetic fields

B. EM Spectrum:                         light (meaning all types of energy waves) sorted by                                                                  

C. From                                       to                                          wavelength (high to low frequency):                                                    

                                                                                                                                                                                                                       

Which of the following has the shortest wavelength?

A. A photon of ultraviolet light

B. Blue electromagnetic radiation

C. An X-ray

D. A radio wave

E. Infrared radiation

 

D.                                                         light is only a                                                     part of EM Spectrum

E.                                                          order (ROYGBIV) is                                         wavelength

1. Red is the                                   wavelength: 700 nanometers

2.                                              (astronomers often just say “blue”) is the shortest: 350 nm

Which of the following is true?

A. Infrared light has lower energy and travels slower than X-rays.

B. Infrared light has lower energy, but travels at the same speed as X-rays.

C. Infrared light has higher energy and travels faster than X-rays.

 

Tutorial Activity – Light

“Elementary Astronomy Worksheet Handout 10: Light, Spectrum” (modified by Kaisa E. Young) by Catherine Whiting via OER Commons, licensed under CC BY 4.0, https://oercommons.org/courses/elementary-astronomy-worksheets

 

1. Use this figure to answer the questions below:
Figure 1: Waves by Catherine Whiting, licensed under CC BY 4.0

 

  (a) What is the wavelength of the orange wave?

  (b) What is the wavelength of the blue wave?

  (c) If both of these waves represent visible light, is one traveling at a faster speed than the other?
 
 (d) If both of these waves represent visible light, which one has the highest frequency?

  (e) Which one has the largest/highest energy?

 

2. We categorize electromagnetic (light) waves based on their wavelength. The categories are visible light, X-rays, radio waves, ultraviolet, infrared, gamma rays, and microwaves.

   (a) List the types of electromagnetic waves in order of smallest wavelength to largest, including visible (red and blue) light.

   (b) What type has the highest frequency?

   (c) What type has the smallest/lowest energy?

 


3. Why is it dangerous to be exposed to X-rays but not as dangerous to be exposed to radio waves?

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Astronomy of the Solar System Copyright © 2024 by Kaisa Young is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.

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