Appendix E – Water Properties

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Water Density (g/mL) at Different Temperatures (°C)

Temperature

Density (g/mL)

0

0.9998395

4

0.9999720 (density maximum)

10

0.9997026

15

0.9991026

20

0.9982071

22

0.9977735

25

0.9970479

30

0.9956502

40

0.9922

60

0.9832

80

0.9718

100

0.9584

density of water as a function of temperature

Water Vapor Pressure at Different Temperatures (°C)

Temperature

Vapor Pressure (torr)

Vapor Pressure (Pa)

0

4.6

613.2812

4

6.1

813.2642

10

9.2

1226.562

15

12.8

1706.522

20

17.5

2333.135

22

19.8

2639.776

25

23.8

3173.064

30

31.8

4239.64

35

42.2

5626.188

40

55.3

7372.707

45

71.9

9585.852

50

92.5

12332.29

55

118.0

15732

60

149.4

19918.31

65

187.5

24997.88

70

233.7

31157.35

75

289.1

38543.39

80

355.1

47342.64

85

433.6

57808.42

90

525.8

70100.71

95

633.9

84512.82

100

760.0

101324.7

vapor pressure as a function of temperature

Water Kw and pKw at Different Temperatures (°C)

pKw = –log10(Kw)

Temperature

Kw 10–14

pKw

0

0.112

14.95

5

0.182

14.74

10

0.288

14.54

15

0.465

14.33

20

0.671

14.17

25

0.991

14.00

30

1.432

13.84

35

2.042

13.69

40

2.851

13.55

45

3.917

13.41

50

5.297

13.28

55

7.080

13.15

60

9.311

13.03

75

19.95

12.70

100

56.23

12.25

water p k w as a function of temperature

Specific Heat Capacity for Water

C°(H2O(l)) = 4.184 J·g-1·°C-1

C°(H2O(s)) = 1.864 J·K−1·g−1

C°(H2O(g)) = 2.093 J·K−1·g−1

Standard Water Melting and Boiling Temperatures and Enthalpies of the Transitions

Temperature (K)

ΔH (kJ/mol)

Melting – 273.15

Boiling – 6.088

boiling – 373.15

40.656 (44.016 at 298 K)

Water Cryoscopic (Freezing Point Depression) and Ebullioscopic (Boiling Point Elevation) Constants

Kf = 1.86°C·kg·mol−1 (cryoscopic constant)

Kb = 0.51°C·kg·mol−1 (ebullioscopic constant)

water full-range spectral absorption curve
Figure E1 The plot shows the extent of light absorption versus wavelength for water. Absorption is reported in reciprocal meters and corresponds to the inverse of the distance light may travel through water before its intensity is diminished by 1/e (~37%).

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