8.15 Adaptation Statement

This book is an adaptation of the Open Stax textbook “Anatomy and Physiology 2nd” (which can be found at https://openstax.org/details/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e) and was authored in 2022 by:

Gordon Betts, Tyler Junior College

Kelly A. Young, California State University, Long Beach

James A. Wise, Hampton University

Eddie Johnson, Central Oregon Community College

Brandon Poe, Springfield Technical Community College

Dean H. Kruse, Portland Community College

Oksana Korol, Aims Community College

Jody E. Johnson, Arapahoe Community College

Mark Womble, Youngstown State University

Peter DeSaix, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Anatomy and Physiology 2nd  is licensed as CC BY 4.0.

The following changes were made to this chapter:

A new Louisiana Lagniappe section has been added after the Chapter 8 introduction. Additional content on the GI tract, sourced from Chapter 15 of the Human Biology textbook in Press Books, has been incorporated at the end of Section 8.1, leading up to the “Alimentary Canal Organs” heading. An H5P drag-and-drop activity on GI tract organs (from Chapter 15.2-Quiz 15.2) will also be included at the end of this section. A new Interactive Link on peristalsis has been placed after Figure 8.8, and an H5P activity, Functions of the Digestive System (from Chapter 15.2), will be added at the end of the section. Additionally, key terms for cholecystokinin (CCK), gastric inhibitory peptide, and secretin have been introduced.

Several image updates have been made: OpenStax Figure 23.7 (the mouth) has been replaced with a new image (Figure 8.10) from Canvas Commons, and a new image has been added to Figure 8.11(b). A new section on taste buds, incorporating material from Chapter 15.4 of the Human Biology textbook and PubMed (PMID: 16983846), has been included. A new Interactive Link on heartburn follows Figure 8.16 in Section 8.3, and an H5P activity, Functions of the Upper GI Tract (from Chapter 15.4), has been added at the end of the section. Additionally, new key terms have been introduced: circumvallate papillae, filiform papillae, foliate papillae, fungiform papillae, and lingual papillae.

Further enhancements include a new Interactive Link on swallowing gum at the end of Section 8.4. The previous Homeostatic Imbalances section on colorectal cancer has been removed and replaced with a new section on celiac disease (from Chapter 15). New images (Figures 8.25 (a) and (b) and Figure 26) have been added, along with a video on gluten and celiac disease at the end of the section. Additional Interactive Links on flatulence, constipation, and pancreas function have been added in relevant sections. Several new H5P activities will be incorporated, including Functions of Accessory Organs (from Chapter 15.6) at the end of Section 8.6, Digestion and Absorption (from Chapter 15.3), and Disorders of the Digestive System (from Chapter 15.7) after Review Question #32. Finally, an H5P activity, Review Questions (from Chapter 15.8), will be added to the end of the multiple-choice review questions.