12.10 Adaptation Statement

This book is an adaptation of the Open Stax textbook “Anatomy and Physiology 2nd” (which can be found at https://openstax.org/details/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e) and was authored in 2022 by:

Gordon Betts, Tyler Junior College

Kelly A. Young, California State University, Long Beach

James A. Wise, Hampton University

Eddie Johnson, Central Oregon Community College

Brandon Poe, Springfield Technical Community College

Dean H. Kruse, Portland Community College

Oksana Korol, Aims Community College

Jody E. Johnson, Arapahoe Community College

Mark Womble, Youngstown State University

Peter DeSaix, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Anatomy and Physiology 2nd  is licensed as CC BY 4.0.

The following changes were made to this chapter:

A Louisiana Lagniappe opener was added, all key terms in the Key Terms section were bolded, and headings and subheadings were formatted for consistency. Existing “click here” or “read more” links were converted to full URL hyperlinks, spelling and punctuation errors were corrected, and chapter numbers in all labels, figures, and tables were updated. Additionally, relevant content and supplemental materials were identified for inclusion in Chapter 15.

12-Introduction included content from the following:

Circumcision Rates by State 2024. World Population Review [Internet] [cited 2024 November 25]. Available from: https://worldpopulationreview.com/state-rankings/circumcision-rates-by-state.

Guevara CG, Achua JK, Blachman-Braun R, Cabrera-Valencia I, Ransford GA, Gosalbez R, Labbie AS, Castellan MA, Alam A. Neonatal Circumcision: What Are the Factors Affecting Parental Decision? Cureus. 2021 Nov 9;13(11):e19415. doi: 10.7759/cureus.19415. Erratum in: Cureus. 2023 Oct 13 [cited 2024 November 25];15(10):c137. doi: 10.7759/cureus.c137. PMID: 34926011; PMCID: PMC8654051. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8654051/pdf/cureus-0013-00000019415.pdf.

Healthy Louisiana MCOs – Circumcision Policy. Louisiana Department of Health [Internet] 2017 Mar 22 [cited 2024 November 25]. Available from: https://ldh.la.gov/assets/docs/BayouHealth/Circumcision.pdf.

Owings, M. et al. Trends in Circumcision for Male Newborns in U.S. Hospitals: 1979-2010. National Center for Health Statistics. CDC [Internet]. 2015 Nov 06 [cited 2024 November 25]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hestat/circumcision_2013/circumcision_2013.htm.