13.8 Adaptation Statement

This book is an adaptation of the Open Stax textbook “Anatomy and Physiology 2nd” (which can be found at https://openstax.org/details/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e) and was authored in 2022 by:

Gordon Betts, Tyler Junior College

Kelly A. Young, California State University, Long Beach

James A. Wise, Hampton University

Eddie Johnson, Central Oregon Community College

Brandon Poe, Springfield Technical Community College

Dean H. Kruse, Portland Community College

Oksana Korol, Aims Community College

Jody E. Johnson, Arapahoe Community College

Mark Womble, Youngstown State University

Peter DeSaix, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Anatomy and Physiology 2nd  is licensed as CC BY 4.0.

The following changes were made to this chapter:

A Louisiana Lagniappe opener was added, bolding all key terms listed in the Key Terms section, and formatting all headings and subheadings for consistency. “Click here” or “read more” links were converted to full URL hyperlinks, with corrected spelling and punctuation errors, and updated chapter numbers in all labels, figures, and tables. Additionally, incorporated Section 15.2: Genomics from OpenStax Concepts of Biology, along with its key terms, chapter review, review questions, and critical thinking questions.

13-Introduction includes content from:

Editor, O. Screening for Endometrial Cancer in Louisiana. Oncology News [Internet]. 2024 Feb 26 [cited 2025 March 11] Available from: https://oncologynews.com.au/latest-news/screening-for-endometrial-cancer-in-louisiana/.

Markman, M. Uterine Cancer Types. City of Hope [Internet]. 2022 Sep 12 [cited 2025 March 11]. Available from: https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/uterine-cancer/types#:~:text=Endometrial%20cancer%20is%20the%20most%20common%20form,is%20often%20referred%20to%20as%20uterine%20cancer. 

Nguyen T, Yi Y, Morron S, Brittain D, Yates R, Castellano T, Jernigan A, Wu XC, Nair N. Living in a food desert in Louisiana and its effects on gynecologic cancer outcomes. Gynecol Oncol. 2025 Jan;192:137-144. doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2024.12.001. Epub 2024 Dec 12. PMID: 39671778.

Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39671778/#:~:text=Objective:%20Food%20insecurity%20is%20becoming,0.94%20%5B0.64%2C%201.39%5D).

13-1 Chapter 1 includes content from:

Uloko M, Isabey EP, Peters BR. How many nerve fibers innervate the human glans clitoris: a histomorphometric evaluation of the dorsal nerve of the clitoris. J Sex Med. 2023 Feb 27;20(3):247-252. doi: 10.1093/jsxmed/qdac027. PMID: 36763957. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36763957/#:~:text=Introduction:%20It%20is%20frequently%20quoted%20in%20mainstream,nerve%20fibers%20(axons)%20innervating%20the%20human%20clitoris.&text=Given%20the%20bilateral%20nature%20of%20clitoral%20innervation,innervate%20the%20human%20glans%20clitoris%20is%2010%2C280.

Conception: How It Works. UCSF Center for Reproductive Health [Internet][cited 2025 March 11] Available from: https://crh.ucsf.edu/about-fertility/conception