10.13 Review Questions

5. Which of the following cells is phagocytic?
a. plasma cell
b. macrophage
c. B cell
d. NK cell

6.. Which of the following cells is important in the innate immune response?
a. B cells
b. T cells
c. macrophages
d. plasma cells

7. Which of the following cells would be most active in early, antiviral immune responses the first time one is exposed to pathogen?
a. macrophage
b. T cell
c. neutrophil
d. natural killer cell

8. Which of the following signs is not characteristic of inflammation?
a. redness
b. pain
c. cold
d. swelling

9. Which of the following is not important in the antiviral innate immune response?
a. interferons
b. natural killer cells
c. complement
d. microphages

10. Enhanced phagocytosis of a cell by the binding of a specific protein is called ________.
a. endocytosis
b. opsonization
c. anaphylaxis
d. complement activation

11. Which of the following leads to the redness of inflammation?
a. increased vascular permeability
b. anaphylactic shock
c. increased blood flow
d. complement activation

12. T cells that secrete cytokines that help antibody responses are called ________.
a. Th1
b. Th2
c. regulatory T cells
d. thymocytes

13. The taking in of antigen and digesting it for later presentation is called ________.
a. antigen presentation
b. antigen processing
c. endocytosis
d. exocytosis

14. Why is clonal expansion so important?
a. to select for specific cells
b. to secrete cytokines
c. to kill target cells
d. to increase the numbers of specific cells

15. The elimination of self-reactive thymocytes is called ________.
a. positive selection.
b. negative selection.
c. tolerance.
d. clonal selection.

16. Which type of T cell is most effective against viruses?
a. Th1
b. Th2
c. cytotoxic T cells
d. regulatory T cells

17. Removing functionality from a B cell without killing it is called ________.
a. clonal selection
b. clonal expansion
c. clonal deletion
d. clonal anergy

18. Which class of antibody crosses the placenta in pregnant people?
a. IgM
b. IgA
c. IgE
d. IgG

19. Which class of antibody has no known function other than as an antigen receptor?
a. IgM
b. IgA
c. IgE
d. IgD

20. When does class switching occur?
a. primary response
b. secondary response
c. tolerance
d. memory response

21. Which class of antibody is found in mucus?
a. IgM
b. IgA
c. IgE
d. IgD

22. Which enzymes in macrophages are important for clearing intracellular bacteria?
a. metabolic
b. mitochondrial
c. nuclear
d. lysosomal

23. What type of chronic lung disease is caused by a Mycobacterium?
a. asthma
b. emphysema
c. tuberculosis
d. leprosy

24. Which type of immune response is most directly effective against bacteria?
a. natural killer cells
b. complement
c. cytotoxic T cells
d. helper T cells

25. What is the reason that you have to be immunized with a new influenza vaccine each year?
a. the vaccine is only protective for a year
b. mutation
c. macrophage oxidative metabolism
d. memory response

26. Which type of immune response works in concert with cytotoxic T cells against virally infected cells?
a. natural killer cells
b. complement
c. antibodies
d. memory

27. Which type of hypersensitivity involves soluble antigen-antibody complexes?
a. type I
b. type II
c. type III
d. type IV

28. What causes the delay in delayed hypersensitivity?
a. inflammation
b. cytokine release
c. recruitment of immune cells
d. histamine release

29. Which of the following is a critical feature of immediate hypersensitivity?
a. inflammation
b. cytotoxic T cells
c. recruitment of immune cells
d. histamine release

30. Which of the following is an autoimmune disease of the heart?
a. rheumatoid arthritis
b. lupus
c. rheumatic fever
d. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

31. What drug is used to counteract the effects of anaphylactic shock?
a. epinephrine
b. antihistamines
c. antibiotics
d. aspirin

32. Which of the following terms means “many genes”?
a. polymorphism
b. polygeny
c. polypeptide
d. multiple alleles

33. Why do we have natural antibodies?
a. We don’t know why.
b. immunity to environmental bacteria
c. immunity to transplants
d. from clonal selection

34. Which type of cancer is associated with HIV disease?
a. Kaposi’s sarcoma
b. melanoma
c. lymphoma
d. renal cell carcinoma

35. How does cyclosporine A work?
a. suppresses antibodies
b. suppresses T cells
c. suppresses macrophages
d. suppresses neutrophils

36. What disease is associated with bone marrow transplants?
a. diabetes mellitus type I
b. melanoma
c. headache
d. graft-versus-host disease