Contents

1. Introduction for Instructors

2. Acknowledgments

3. How to Do Philosophy

4. I. The Value of Philosophy

   1. 1. Introduction to Philosophy

   2. 2. Plato – On Defending Philosophy

   3. 3. Bertrand Russell – On the Value of Philosophy

   4. 4. Final Questions and Activities on the Value to Philosophy

5. II. Epistemology

   1. 5. Introduction to Epistemology

   2. 6. René Descartes – On Doubt and Certainty

   3. 7. John Locke – On the Foundation of Knowledge

   4. 8. George Berkeley – On Materialism and Idealism

   5. 9. Immanuel Kant – On the Sources of Knowledge

   6. 10. William James – On Pragmatism and the Will to Believe

   7. 11. Final Questions and Activities on Epistemology

6. III. Metaphysics

   1. 12. Introduction to Metaphysics

   2. 13. Plato – On the Allegory of the Cave

   3. 14. Plato – On Forms

   4. 15. Aristotle – On Categories

   5. 16. Aristotle – On Language and the Way Truth Works

   6. 17. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz – On Substances

   7. 18. David Hume – On Liberty and Necessity

   8. 19. Final Questions and Activities for Metaphysics

7. IV. Philosophy of Science and Technology

   1. 20. Introduction to Philosophy of Science and Technology

   2. 21. Donna Haraway – A Cyborg Manifesto

   3. 22. Steven Shapin and Simon Schaffer – Leviathan and the Air Pump

   4. 23. Thomas Kuhn – The Priority of Paradigms

   5. 24. Philosophy of Science and Technology

   6. 25. Final Questions and Activities on the Philosophy of Science and Technology

8. V. Philosophy of Religion

   1. 26. Introduction to the Philosophy of Religion

   2. 27. St. Anselm – On the Ontological Proof of God's Existence

   3. 28. St. Thomas Aquinas – On the Five Ways to Prove God's Existence

   4. 29. David Hume – On the Irrationality of Believing in Miracles

   5. 30. William James – On the Will to Believe

   6. 31. William Paley – On the Teleological Argument

   7. 32. Black Elk – Black Elk Speaks

   8. 33. Final Questions and Activities on Religion

9. VI. Ethics and Morality

   1. 34. Introduction to Ethics and Morality

   2. 35. Aristotle – On Virtue

   3. 36. David Hume – On the Foundations of Morals

   4. 37. Immanuel Kant – On Moral Principles

   5. 38. Jeremy Bentham – On the Principle of Utility

   6. 39. John Stuart Mill – On Utilitarianism

   7. 40. Final Questions and Activities on Ethics and Morality

10. VII. Sociopolitical Philosophy

    1. 41. Introduction to Sociopolitical Philosophy

    2. 42. Bertrand Russell – On Anti-Suffragist Arguments

    3. 43. Karl Marx & Frederick Engels – On Communism

    4. 44. Mary Wollstonecraft – On the Rights of Women

    5. 45. Jean-Jacques Rousseau – On Inequality

    6. 46. John Locke – On Property and the Formation of Societies

    7. 47. Thomas Hobbes – On the Social Contract

    8. 48. John Stuart Mill – On the Equality of Women

    9. 49. Final Questions and Activities in Sociopolitical Philosophy

11. VIII. Art and Aesthetics

    1. 50. Introduction to Art and Aesthetics

    2. 51. David Hume – On Opinion and Taste

    3. 52. Immanuel Kant – On the Aesthetic Taste

    4. 53. Plato – On the Value of Art and Imitation

    5. 54. Edmund Burke – On the Sublime

    6. 55. Final Questions and Activities on Art and Aesthetics

12. About the Author

13. Works Cited