The Value of Philosophy

Plato – Apology, Trans. by Benjamin Jowett

Bertrand Russell – from Problems of Philosophy (ch. 15)

Epistemology

Rene Descartes – from Meditations on First Philosophy (Books I, II), Trans. John Veitch

John Locke – from An Essay concerning Human Understanding (Book I, Ch. 1, Book II, Ch. 1)

George Berkeley – from Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous (First, Second Dialogues)

David Hume – from An Enquiry concerning Human Understanding (Sect. IV, Parts I, II)

Immanuel Kant – from The Critique of Pure Reason (Introduction, Parts I–VII), Trans. John Meiklejohn

William James – from Pragmatism (Lecture II)

Metaphysics

Plato – from Republic (Book VII), Trans. Benjamin Jowett

Plato – from Parmenides, Trans. Benjamin Jowett

Aristotle – from Categories (chs. 4, 5), Trans. Octavius Freire Owen

Aristotle – from On Interpretation (chs. 1–9), Trans. Octavius Freire Owen

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz – from Discourse on Metaphysics (VIII–XIII)

David Hume – from An Enquiry into Human Understanding (Sect. IV, Parts 1–3)

Bertrand Russell – from Human Knowledge: Its Scope and Limits

Philosophy of Religion

Anselm – from Proslogion (chs. 2–5)

Thomas Aquinas – from Summa Theologiae

Blaise Pascal – from Pensées (Sect. 3)

David Hume – from Miracles (Sect X, Parts I, II)

Søren Kierkegaard – from Encounter with Faith

William James – from The Will to Believe and Other Essays in Popular Philosophy

William Paley – “The Watch and the Watchmaker” from Natural Theology

Ethics and Morality

Plato – from Republic (Book II), Trans. Benjamin Jowett

Aristotle – from Nicomachean Ethics (Book One), Trans. D. P. Chase

David Hume – from An Enquiry concerning the Principles of Morals (Sect. 1)

Immanuel Kant – from Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals (Second Section), Trans. Thomas Kingsmill Abbott

Jeremy Bentham – from The Principles of Morals and Legislation (chs. I, IV)

John Stuart Mill – from Utilitarianism (chs. 1, 2)

Sociopolitical Philosophy

Thomas Hobbes – from Leviathan (chs. XIII, XIV, XV)

John Locke – from The Second Treatise of Government (Book II, Ch. V.)

Jean-Jacques Rousseau – from Discourse on the Origin and Basis of Inequality among Men (Part 2)

Mary Wollstonecraft – from A Vindication of the Rights of Woman: with Strictures on Political and Moral Subjects (ch. 2)

Karl Marx – from The Communist Manifesto

Bertrand Russell – from Anti-Suffragist Anxieties

John Stuart Mill – from The Subjection of Women (ch. 1)

Art and Aesthetics

Plato – Republic (Book X), Trans. Benjamin Jowett

Aristotle – Poetics (Part VI), Trans. S. H. Butcher

David Hume – from Of the Standard of Taste, in Four Dissertations

Immanuel Kant – from The Critique of Aesthetical Judgement (Book 1, Sect. 1–5)

Edmund Burke – from A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful (Part 1, VII; Part II, I–XXII)