Exam Questions

Exam Questions for Chapters Targeting: Adolescence; Emerging/Early Adulthood; Middle Adulthood

Adolescence:

Question 1: What triggers physical changes associated with puberty in adolescents?
A) Cognitive development
B) Social interactions
C) Hormones
D) Genetic factors

Answer: C) Hormones

Question 2: What are some cognitive changes that occur during adolescence?
A) Increased risk-taking behavior
B) Rapid physical growth
C) Hormonal fluctuations
D) Complex and abstract thought development

Answer: D) Complex and abstract thought development

Question 3: What happens to adolescents’ relationships with parents during this stage?
A) They become less autonomous
B) Parental monitoring becomes less relevant
C) Psychological control increases
D) Adolescents become more autonomous

Answer: D) Adolescents become more autonomous

Question 4: Which of the following is true about peer relationships during adolescence?
A) Same-sex peer groups become more important
B) Peer relationships have no impact on adolescents’ behavior
C) Peer relationships only promote problem behaviors
D) Peer relationships provide support and companionship

Answer: D) Peer relationships provide support and companionship

Question 5: What factors contribute to diversity in adolescence?
A) Cognitive changes and identity formation
B) Social interactions and genetic factors
C) Nationality and gender
D) Puberty and cognitive control

Answer: C) Nationality and gender

Emerging/Early Adulthood:

Question 1: What is the term used to describe the developmental period between the late teens and early twenties, characterized by exploration and uncertainty?
A) Adolescence
B) Young adulthood
C) Emerging adulthood
D) Late adulthood

Answer: C) Emerging adulthood

Question 2: According to the text, what are some markers of the end of adolescence and the beginning of adulthood?
A) Completion of formal education
B) Financial independence from parents
C) Marriage
D) All of the above

Answer: D) All of the above (completion of formal education, financial independence from parents, marriage)

Question 3: Which of the following statements best describes the characteristic of “instability” in emerging adulthood?
A) Emerging adults tend to change jobs, relationships, and residences more frequently.
B) Emerging adults remain in their parents’ home throughout this period.
C) Emerging adults experience fewer residential changes than other age groups.
D) Instability is not a defining characteristic of emerging adulthood.

Answer: A) Emerging adults tend to change jobs, relationships, and residences more frequently.

Question 4: What distinguishes emerging adulthood from adolescence and young adulthood, according to Arnett?
A) Identity exploration
B) Feeling in-between
C) Being self-focused
D) All of the above

Answer: D) All of the above (identity exploration, feeling in-between, being self-focused)

Question 5: What is one reason for the high level of optimism in emerging adulthood?
A) Dreams and aspirations have yet to be tested.
B) Emerging adults have already achieved their goals.
C) Emerging adults feel more confident about their abilities.
D) Optimism is not a common characteristic of emerging adulthood.

Answer: A) Dreams and aspirations have yet to be tested.

Middle Adulthood:

1. How do African-American, Mexican-American, and career-focused White women in the United States generally view menopause?
   a) A liberating experience
   b) A frustrating and irritating phase
   c) A medical condition requiring treatment
   d) A non-significant event

Answer: A) A liberating experience

2. Do males experience a climacteric?
   a) Yes, they go through a similar reproductive transition as women.
   b) No, their reproductive ability remains constant throughout life.
   c) Yes, but it is called andropause and is characterized by increased testosterone levels.
   d) No, only females experience hormonal changes during midlife.

Answer: a) Yes, they go through a similar reproductive transition as women.

3. What is andropause?
   a) A term used to describe the male climacteric.
   b) A condition caused by extremely high levels of testosterone.
   c) A medical disorder related to low sperm count.
   d) A controversial term with no clear definition.

Answer: a) A term used to describe the male climacteric.

4. How do post-divorce parents typically introduce their children to their new dating partner?
   a) They introduce them immediately.
   b) They keep their dating partner separate from their children.
   c) They gradually introduce their children to their dating partner.
   d) They rely on the children to meet the dating partner independently.

Answer: c) They gradually introduce their children to their dating partner.

5. What did Teachman’s (2008) study find about women under the age of 45?
   a) They were less likely to cohabit with a partner between marriages.
   b) They were more likely to remain single after divorce.
   c) They were more likely to remarry without cohabitation.
   d) They were more likely to cohabit with a partner between their first and second marriages.

Answer: d) They were more likely to cohabit with a partner between their first and second marriages.

Developmental Psychology

Thanatology is the study of _____.

1. life expectancy
2. biological aging
3. death and dying
4. adulthood

Who wrote the book On Death and Dying, outlining the five stages of grief?

1. Ignatz Nascher
2. Erik Erikson
3. Elisabeth Kübler-Ross
4. Carol Gilligan

Chapter 10

1. Why do older people tend to be shorter than in early adulthood?
   a) Bone density increases with age
   b) Settling of the vertebrae and muscle strength loss in the back
   c) Excessive sun exposure
   d) Genetics
2. Why are older adults more likely to seek help with vision impairment than hearing loss?
   a) Hearing aids are considered stigmatizing
   b) Vision problems are easier to treat
   c) Most people over 85 have perfect hearing
   d) Hearing loss is socially acceptable
3. How is “elder speak” described in the text?
   a) A form of communication that uses a condescending tone when speaking to older adults
   b) A medical condition associated with late adulthood
   c) A type of hearing loss in older adults
   d) A treatment for vision impairment
4. What is the definition of elder abuse, as provided in the text?
   a) Accidental harm to older adults
   b) Any act or failure to act that causes harm to an older adult
   c) Abuse that only occurs in nursing homes
   d) Harm inflicted by strangers
5. Approximately how many older adults aged 60 and older, living at home, experience elder abuse, according to the information?
   a) 1 in 100
   b) 1 in 20
   c) 1 in 10
   d) 1 in 5
6. Why are the statistics on elder abuse believed to be an underestimate?
   a) Older adults rarely experience abuse
   b) Cases of elder abuse are not harmful
   c) Many cases of elder abuse go unreported due to various factors
   d) Elder abuse is well-documented
7. What is financial abuse in the context of elder abuse?
   a) Giving money to older adults
   b) Using an older adult’s money or assets for their benefit without permission
   c) Providing financial support to older family members
   d) Offering financial advice to older adults
8. What is “granny dumping,” as described in the text?
   a) A term for older adults who abandon their families
   b) A slang term for elder abuse
   c) The practice of abandoning older family members with disabilities in emergency rooms
   d) A form of financial exploitation
9. What are the three styles of grandparents as described in the text?
   a) Primary, secondary, and tertiary
   b) Close, distant, and occasional
   c) Remote, companionate, and involved
   d) Authoritative, permissive, and neglectful
10. Which style of grandparents prefer to spend time with their grandchildren without interfering in parenting?
    a) Remote grandparents
    b) Companionate grandparents
    c) Involved grandparents
    d) Helicopter grandparents
11. What percentage of people over 65 are married, according to the information?
    a) 91%
    b) 56%
    c) 43%
    d) 29%
12. According to the text, what is the most disruptive experience for an older adult?
    a) Grandparenting
    b) Marriage
    c) Divorce
    d) The death of a spouse
    
13. Which group has the highest suicide rates of any age group, according to the text?
    a) Older white men
    b) Black men
    c) Older white women
    d) Younger adults
14. What is the main factor contributing to the imbalanced sex ratio among the elderly population?
    a) Social isolation
    b) Emotional isolation
    c) A lack of self-worth
    d) Fewer available men
    
15. What percentage of the civilian labor force will be older than 65 by 2030?
    a) 9.5%
    b) 20%
    c) 40%
    d) 70%
16. Approximately how many people over 65 have a bachelor’s or higher degree, according to the U.S. Census Bureau?
    a) 7 million
    b) 40%
    c) 20%
    d) 60%
17. What is the main benefit of continuing education programs and “Elder hostels” for older adults?
    a) Enhancing their computer skills
    b) Helping them find employment opportunities
    c) Providing enriching experiences and opportunities for lifelong learning
    d) Preparing them for mandatory retirement
18. How do religious activities benefit older adults, according to the information?
    a) They provide opportunities for earning money
    b) They combat the fear of death
    c) They offer opportunities for travel
    d) They encourage isolation from others
19. What percentage of people aged 65 and older voted in the 2008 election, tying with 45-65-year-olds for the highest voter turnout?
    a) 10%
    b) 35%
    c) 50%
    d) 70%
    
20. According to the text, what is the Hayflick limit related to?
    a) The number of birthdays a person has
    b) The number of times cells can divide before becoming senescent
    c) The maximum lifespan of an individual
    d) The age at which individuals typically retire
21. Which theory of aging is associated with the accumulation of free radicals and their impact on cellular damage?
    a) Mitochondrial Theory of Aging
    b) Cross-linking/Glycation Theory
    c) Free Radical Theory
    d) Telomere Theory
22. Which of the following is a common symptom of Parkinson’s disease?
    a) Loss of memory
    b) Tremors and difficulty with balance and movement
    c) Joint swelling and connective tissue damage
    d) Loss of cognitive functioning
23. What is the leading cause of disability in older adults?
    a) Alzheimer’s disease
    b) Cancer
    c) Arthritis
    d) Parkinson’s disease
24. According to the text, which disease is the second leading cause of death in the United States, exceeded only by heart disease?
    a) Alzheimer’s disease
    b) Parkinson’s disease
    c) Cancer
    d) Arthritis

Chapter 11

Thanatology is the study of _____.

1. life expectancy
2. biological aging
3. death and dying
4. adulthood

Who wrote the book On Death and Dying, outlining the five stages of grief?

1. Ignatz Nascher
2. Erik Erikson
3. Elisabeth Kübler-Ross
4. Carol Gilligan

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