85

Screen Shot 2021-03-30 at 9.32.41 PM.pngThis is a Venn diagram using only one set, A
Screen Shot 2021-03-30 at 9.32.09 PM.pngThis is a Venn diagram Below using two sets, A and B.
Screen Shot 2021-03-30 at 9.32.47 PM.png
This is a Venn diagram using sets A, B and C.

Study the Venn diagrams on this and the following pages. It takes a whole lot of practice to shade or identify regions of Venn diagrams. Be advised that it may be necessary to shade several practice diagrams along the way before you get to the final result.

We shade Venn diagrams to represent sets. We will be doing some very easy, basic Venn diagrams as well as several involved and complicated Venn diagrams.

To find the intersection of two sets, you might try shading one region in a given direction, and another region in a different direction. Then you would look where those shadings overlap. That overlap would be the intersection.

Screen Shot 2021-03-30 at 9.41.32 PM.png

For example, to visualize [latex]A cap B[/latex], shade A with horizontal lines and B with vertical lines. Then the overlap is [latex]A cap B[/latex]. The diagram on the left would be a first step in getting the answer. The shaded part on the diagram to the right shows the final answer.

Screen Shot 2021-03-30 at 9.41.37 PM.png

Here are two problems for you to try. Only shade in the final answer for each exercise.

Exercise 1

Shade the region that represents [latex]A cap C[/latex]

Screen Shot 2021-03-30 at 9.41.24 PM.png

Exercise 2

Shade the region that represents [latex]B cap C[/latex]

Screen Shot 2021-03-30 at 9.41.18 PM.png

To shade the union of two sets, shade each region completely or shade both regions in the same direction. Thus, to find the union of A and B, shade all of A and all of B.

Screen Shot 2021-03-30 at 9.41.32 PM.png

The final answer is represented by the shaded area in the diagram to the right.

Here are two problems for you to try. Only shade in the final answer for each exercise.

Exercise 3

Shade the region that represents [latex]A cup C[/latex]

Screen Shot 2021-03-30 at 9.41.18 PM.png

Exercise 4

Shade the region that represents [latex]B cup C[/latex]

Screen Shot 2021-03-30 at 9.41.24 PM.png
Screen Shot 2021-03-30 at 10.02.25 PM.png

For the complement of a region, shade everything outside the given region. You can think of it as shading everything except that region. On the Venn diagram to the left, the shaded area represents A. On the Venn diagram to the right, the shaded area represents .

Screen Shot 2021-03-30 at 10.02.30 PM.png

Many people are confused about what part of the Venn diagram represents the universe, U. The universe is the entire Venn diagram, including the sets A, B and C. The three Venn diagrams on the next page illustrate the differences between U, [latex]U^{c}[/latex] and [latex](A cup B cup C)^{c}[/latex]. Carefully note these differences.

Screen Shot 2021-03-30 at 10.15.40 PM.png U
Screen Shot 2021-03-30 at 10.15.50 PM.png[latex](A cup B cup C)^{c}[/latex]
Screen Shot 2021-03-30 at 10.15.57 PM.png[latex]U^{c}[/latex]

Usually, parentheses are necessary to indicate which operation needs to be done first. If there is only union or intersection involved, this isn’t necessary as in (A [latex]cup[/latex] B [latex]cup[/latex] C)[latex]^{c}[/latex] above. Convince yourself that ((A [latex]cup[/latex] B) [latex]cup[/latex] C) = (A [latex]cup[/latex] (B [latex]cup[/latex] C)). Similarly, convince yourself of the analogous fact for intersection by performing the following steps. On the first Venn diagram below, shade A [latex]cap[/latex] B with horizontal lines and shade C with vertical lines. Then, the overlap is ((A [latex]cap[/latex] B) [latex]cap[/latex] C). On the second Venn diagram, shade A with lines slanting to the right and B [latex]cup[/latex] C with lines slanting to the left. Then the overlap is (A [latex]cap[/latex] (B [latex]cap[/latex] C)). Check to see that the final answer, the overlap in this case, is the same for both. Shade the final answer in the third Venn diagram.

Exercise 5

a. (A [latex]cap[/latex] B) [latex]cap[/latex] C

Screen Shot 2021-03-30 at 9.32.47 PM.png

b. (A [latex]cup[/latex] (B [latex]cup[/latex] C))

Screen Shot 2021-03-30 at 9.32.47 PM.png

c. Shade final answer here.

Screen Shot 2021-03-30 at 9.32.47 PM.png

Now, it’s time for you to try a few more diagrams on your own. It may take more than one step to figure out the answer. You might need to do preliminary drawings on scratch paper first. The shadings you show here should be the final answer only, but you should be able to explain and support how you arrived at your answer. Compare your answers with other people in your class and make sure a consensus is reached on the correct answer. Do this for all the Venn diagrams throughout this exercise set. Shade in the region that represents what is written above each of the six Venn diagrams on the following page. Note that in cases involving more than one operation, it is necessary to use parentheses and follow order of operations. Exercises 10 and 11 illustrate why this is necessary.

Exercise 6

B[latex]^{c}[/latex]

Screen Shot 2021-03-30 at 9.32.47 PM.png

Exercise 7

(C [latex]cap[/latex] A)[latex]^{c}[/latex]

Screen Shot 2021-03-30 at 9.32.47 PM.png

Exercise 8

(B [latex]cup[/latex] C)[latex]^{c}[/latex]

Screen Shot 2021-03-30 at 9.32.47 PM.png

Exercise 9

(A [latex]cap[/latex] B [latex]cap[/latex] C)[latex]^{c}[/latex]

Screen Shot 2021-03-30 at 9.32.47 PM.png

Exercise 10

(A [latex]cap[/latex] B) [latex]cap[/latex] C

Screen Shot 2021-03-30 at 9.32.47 PM.png

Exercise 11

(A [latex]cap[/latex] (B [latex]cap[/latex] C)

Screen Shot 2021-03-30 at 9.32.47 PM.png
Screen Shot 2021-03-31 at 10.55.06 AM.png

For difference, shade the region coming before the difference sign ( ) but don’t include or shade any part of the region that follows the difference sign. The Venn on the left represents A–B and the one on the right represents CA.

Screen Shot 2021-03-31 at 11.08.29 AM.png

Here are two problems for you to try. Only shade in the final answer for each exercise.

Exercise 12

Shade the region that represents A C

Screen Shot 2021-03-30 at 9.32.47 PM.png

Exercise 13

Shade the region that represents B C

Screen Shot 2021-03-30 at 9.32.47 PM.png

Study the following Venn diagrams. Make sure you understand how to get the answers.

Screen Shot 2021-03-31 at 11.19.46 AM.png
(A [latex]cup[/latex] B) – C
Screen Shot 2021-03-31 at 11.25.56 AM.png
C – (A [latex]cap[/latex] B)
Screen Shot 2021-03-31 at 11.30.07 AM.png
A[latex]^{c}[/latex] – (B [latex]cap[/latex] C)

It’s your turn to shade in the region that represents what is written above each diagram.

Exercise 14

(A [latex]cap[/latex] C) – B

Screen Shot 2021-03-31 at 11.37.42 AM.png

Exercise 15

B – (A [latex]cap[/latex] C)

Screen Shot 2021-03-31 at 11.37.42 AM.png

Exercise 16

(A – C) [latex]cup[/latex] (B A)

Screen Shot 2021-03-31 at 11.37.42 AM.png

Suppose you wanted to find ((C A) [latex]cap[/latex] B)[latex]^{c}[/latex]. This would probably take a few steps to get the answer. One approach to finding the correct shading is to notice that the final answer is the complement of (C A) [latex]cap[/latex] B. That means we would have to first figure out what (C A) [latex]cap[/latex] B looked like. In order to do that, we notice that this is the intersection of two things C – A and B. On the blank Venn diagram to the left below, shade C A with horizontal lines and B with vertical lines. The overlap would be the intersection. The overlap on your drawing should match the shading shown on the Venn diagram in the middle. Does it? The last step would then be to take the complement of the shading shown on the middle diagram. This is shown on the Venn diagram on the far right. So, it took drawing three Venns to come up with the final answer for this problem. Someone else might be able to do it in fewer steps while someone else might take more steps.

Exercise 17

Screen Shot 2021-03-31 at 11.37.42 AM.png

(C A) [latex]cap[/latex] B

Screen Shot 2021-03-31 at 12.10.23 PM.png

((C A) [latex]cap[/latex] B)[latex]^{c}[/latex]

Screen Shot 2021-03-31 at 12.10.28 PM.png

As mentioned previously, it takes a lot of practice to get good at shading Venn diagrams. It’s even trickier to look at a Venn diagram and describe it, In fact, there is usually more than one way to describe a Venn diagram. For example, the shading for ((C A) [latex]cap[/latex] B)[latex]^{c}[/latex] shown on the previous page is the same as it is for ((C [latex]cap[/latex] B) – A)[latex]^{c}[/latex]. What does this mean? We’re so used to only having one correct answer. Well, consider if someone asked you to write an arithmetic problem for which the answer was 2. There would be infinitely many possibilities. For example, 5 – 3 or 1 + 1 or 10/5 would all be acceptable answers. Granted, this kind of question on a test would be harder for a teacher to grade because each student’s response would have to be checked to see if it would work. There isn’t one pat answer. The same goes if a teacher asks you to look at a shading of a Venn diagram and describe it. On the other hand, if a description is given and you are asked to shade the Venn diagram, there is only one correct shading. It is much like being asked to compute an arithmetic problem. The answer to 10 – 8 is 2 and that is the only acceptable answer!

The point of all this is that to master shadings of Venn diagrams and descriptions of Venn diagrams by looking at the shadings takes lots and lots and lots of practice. Give yourself plenty of time to study and work on them and you will accomplish this feat!!!

On the next few pages, you are asked to shade several one, two and three set Venn diagrams. The correct shadings follow. Make sure you try these problems in earnest. Make sure you can explain the steps involved to arrive at the correct shading. After mastering the shadings, see if you can look at a shaded Venn diagram and come up with an accurate description. Again, remember there is more than one way to describe a given Venn diagram.

These Venn diagrams will be helpful when studying for a test. Go back and practice drawing the same Venn diagrams later. Use the answers to see if you can describe them by looking at the picture. Of course, remember that your description might not match exactly since there as more than one way to describe any given Venn diagram. If your description is different, make sure you go through the steps of shading a Venn with your description and see if your shading really matches the Venn diagram you were trying to describe.

Here are a few shaded Venn diagrams. See if you can look at the shadings and come up with a description. I’ve put some possible answers at the bottom of this page.

Screen Shot 2021-03-31 at 12.28.49 PM.png
Screen Shot 2021-03-31 at 12.29.44 PM.png
Screen Shot 2021-03-31 at 11.01.30 PM.png

Here are some possible descriptions for the above Venn diagrams:

(C B)[latex]^{c}[/latex] (A [latex]cup[/latex] C)[latex]^{c}[/latex] (A [latex]cap[/latex] C)[latex]^{c}[/latex]

Shade the region that represents what is written above each of the one and two set Venn diagrams below. You may need to draw preliminary drawings first for some of them.

Exercise 18

A

Screen Shot 2021-03-31 at 11.11.42 PM.png

Exercise 19

[latex]A^{c}[/latex]

Screen Shot 2021-03-31 at 11.11.42 PM.png

Exercise 20

U

Screen Shot 2021-03-31 at 11.11.42 PM.png

Exercise 21

[latex]U^{c}[/latex]

Screen Shot 2021-03-31 at 11.11.42 PM.png

Exercise 22

A [latex]cap[/latex] B

Screen Shot 2021-03-31 at 11.21.25 PM.png

Exercise 23

A [latex]cup[/latex] B

Screen Shot 2021-03-31 at 11.21.25 PM.png

Exercise 24

[latex]A cup B^{c}[/latex]

Screen Shot 2021-03-31 at 11.21.25 PM.png

Exercise 25

[latex](A cap B)^{c}[/latex]

Screen Shot 2021-03-31 at 11.21.25 PM.png

Exercise 26

[latex](A cup B)^{c}[/latex]

Screen Shot 2021-03-31 at 11.21.25 PM.png

Exercise 27

(A B) [latex]cup[/latex] (B A)

Screen Shot 2021-03-31 at 11.21.25 PM.png

Exercise 28

[latex]A^{c} cup B^{c}[/latex]

Screen Shot 2021-03-31 at 11.21.25 PM.png

Exercise 29

[latex]A^{c} cap B^{c}[/latex]

Screen Shot 2021-03-31 at 11.21.25 PM.png

Exercise 30

[latex](A cup B)^{c} cup (A cap B)[/latex]

Screen Shot 2021-03-31 at 11.21.25 PM.png

Exercise 31

B

Screen Shot 2021-03-31 at 11.21.25 PM.png

Exercise 32

B A

Screen Shot 2021-03-31 at 11.21.25 PM.png

Exercise 33

[latex]B^{c}[/latex]

Screen Shot 2021-03-31 at 11.21.25 PM.png

Shade the region that represents what is written above each of the one and two set Venn diagrams below. You may need to draw preliminary drawings first for some of them.

Exercise 34

(A [latex]cap[/latex] B) – C

Screen Shot 2021-03-31 at 11.21.25 PM.png

Exercise 35

(C [latex]cup[/latex] B) – A

Screen Shot 2021-03-31 at 11.21.25 PM.png

Exercise 36

(A [latex]cap[/latex] B) [latex]cup[/latex] C

Screen Shot 2021-03-31 at 11.21.25 PM.png

Exercise 37

(A [latex]cup[/latex] B) [latex]cap[/latex] C

Screen Shot 2021-03-31 at 11.21.25 PM.png

Exercise 38

A[latex]^{c}[/latex] – B

Screen Shot 2021-03-31 at 11.21.25 PM.png

Exercise 39

A [latex]cap[/latex] B [latex]cap[/latex] C) – B

Screen Shot 2021-03-31 at 11.21.25 PM.png

Exercise 40

B – (A [latex]cup[/latex] C)

Screen Shot 2021-03-31 at 11.21.25 PM.png

Exercise 41

C – (A [latex]cap[/latex] B)

Screen Shot 2021-03-31 at 11.21.25 PM.png

Exercise 42

(B – A) [latex]cap[/latex] (B – C)

Screen Shot 2021-03-31 at 11.21.25 PM.png

Exercise 43

(B – A) [latex]cup[/latex] (B – C)

Screen Shot 2021-03-31 at 11.21.25 PM.png

Exercise 44

(A [latex]cup[/latex] B)[latex]^{c}[/latex]

Screen Shot 2021-03-31 at 11.21.25 PM.png

Exercise 45

A[latex]^{c}[/latex] [latex]cap[/latex] B[latex]^{c}[/latex]

Screen Shot 2021-03-31 at 11.21.25 PM.png

Exercise 46

A[latex]^{c}[/latex] B[latex]^{c}[/latex]

Screen Shot 2021-03-31 at 11.21.25 PM.png

Exercise 47

(C – B)[latex]^{c}[/latex]

Screen Shot 2021-03-31 at 11.21.25 PM.png

Exercise 48

(B[latex]^{c}[/latex] [latex]cap[/latex] C) – A

Screen Shot 2021-03-31 at 11.21.25 PM.png

Exercise 49

(A – (B [latex]cup[/latex] C)) [latex]cup[/latex] (B – (A [latex]cup[/latex] C)) [latex]cup[/latex] (C – (A [latex]cup[/latex] B))

Screen Shot 2021-03-31 at 11.21.25 PM.png

Exercise 50

(A [latex]cap[/latex] C)[latex]^{c}[/latex]

Screen Shot 2021-03-31 at 11.21.25 PM.png

Exercise 51

((A [latex]cap[/latex] B) – C) [latex]cap[/latex] (C – A)

Screen Shot 2021-03-31 at 11.21.25 PM.png

Exercise 52

A[latex]^{c}[/latex] [latex]cup[/latex] C[latex]^{c}[/latex]

Screen Shot 2021-03-31 at 11.21.25 PM.png

Exercise 53

B [latex]cap[/latex] (C [latex]cup[/latex] A[latex]^{c}[/latex])

Screen Shot 2021-03-31 at 11.21.25 PM.png

Here are the correct shadings to the exercises on the previous pages. After mastering these shadings, reverse the process by looking at the shadings on this page and try to describe them. It takes practice and patience and remember that there may be more than one way to describe some of these. In fact, many times you’ll see there is a simpler way to describe them than was on the original exercise!!

Screen Shot 2021-04-01 at 7.53.19 PM.png18.
Screen Shot 2021-04-04 at 11.38.59 AM.png19.
Screen Shot 2021-04-04 at 11.39.04 AM.png20.
Screen Shot 2021-04-04 at 11.39.10 AM.png21.
Screen Shot 2021-04-04 at 11.44.42 AM.png22.
Screen Shot 2021-04-04 at 11.44.46 AM.png23.
Screen Shot 2021-04-04 at 11.44.52 AM.png24.
Screen Shot 2021-04-04 at 11.48.16 AM.png25.
Screen Shot 2021-04-04 at 11.48.21 AM.png26.
Screen Shot 2021-04-04 at 11.48.26 AM.png27.
Screen Shot 2021-04-04 at 11.48.32 AM.png28.
Screen Shot 2021-04-04 at 12.06.29 PM.png29.
Screen Shot 2021-04-04 at 12.06.34 PM.png30.
Screen Shot 2021-04-04 at 12.06.41 PM.png31.
Screen Shot 2021-04-04 at 12.06.46 PM.png32.
Screen Shot 2021-04-04 at 12.06.51 PM.png33.
Screen Shot 2021-04-04 at 12.11.56 PM.png34.
Screen Shot 2021-04-04 at 12.12.01 PM.png35.
Screen Shot 2021-04-04 at 12.12.07 PM.png36.
Screen Shot 2021-04-04 at 12.13.51 PM.png37.
Screen Shot 2021-04-04 at 12.13.56 PM.png38.
Screen Shot 2021-04-04 at 12.14.01 PM.png39. Nothing is shaded.
Screen Shot 2021-04-04 at 12.20.52 PM.png40.
Screen Shot 2021-04-04 at 12.20.57 PM.png41.
Screen Shot 2021-04-04 at 12.21.03 PM.png42.
Screen Shot 2021-04-04 at 12.21.08 PM.png43.
Screen Shot 2021-04-04 at 12.21.17 PM.png44.
Screen Shot 2021-04-04 at 12.21.22 PM.png45.
Screen Shot 2021-04-04 at 12.21.03 PM.png46.
Screen Shot 2021-04-04 at 12.33.31 PM.png47.
Screen Shot 2021-04-04 at 12.33.37 PM.png48.
Screen Shot 2021-04-04 at 12.33.44 PM.png49.
Screen Shot 2021-04-04 at 12.33.50 PM.png50.
Screen Shot 2021-04-04 at 12.33.55 PM.png51. Nothing is shaded.
Screen Shot 2021-04-04 at 12.34.01 PM.png52.
Screen Shot 2021-04-04 at 12.34.06 PM.png53.

In the Material Card section there are blank Venn diagram templates you can use for practice.

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Sandbox: Interactive OER for Dual Enrollment Copyright © by LOUIS: The Louisiana Library Network is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.

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