16 Review Questions

4. If xenon has an atomic number of 54 and a mass number of 108, how many neutrons does it have?

1. 54
2. 27
3. 100
4. 108

5. Atoms that vary in the number of neutrons found in their nuclei are called ________.

1. ions
2. neutrons
3. neutral atoms
4. isotopes

6. Potassium has an atomic number of 19. What is its electron configuration?

1. shells 1 and 2 are full, and shell 3 has nine electrons
2. shells 1, 2, and 3 are full and shell 4 has three electrons
3. shells 1, 2, and 3 are full and shell 4 has one electron
4. shells 1, 2, and 3 are full and no other electrons are present

7. Which type of bond represents a weak chemical bond?

1. hydrogen bond
2. atomic bond
3. covalent bond
4. nonpolar covalent bond

8. Which of the following statements is not true?

1. Water is polar.
2. Water stabilizes temperature.
3. Water is essential for life.
4. Water is the most abundant molecule in the Earth’s atmosphere.

9. When acids are added to a solution, the pH should ________.

1. decrease
2. increase
3. stay the same
4. cannot tell without testing

10. We call a molecule that binds up excess hydrogen ions in a solution a(n) ________.

1. acid
2. isotope
3. base
4. donator

11. Which of the following statements is true?

1. Acids and bases cannot mix together.
2. Acids and bases will neutralize each other.
3. Acids, but not bases, can change the pH of a solution.
4. Acids donate hydroxide ions (OH–); bases donate hydrogen ions (H+).

12. Each carbon molecule can bond with as many as________ other atom(s) or molecule(s).

1. one
2. two
3. six
4. four

13. Which of the following is not a functional group that can bond with carbon?

1. sodium
2. hydroxyl
3. phosphate
4. carbonyl