27 Review Questions

4. Dehydration synthesis leads to formation of

1. monomers
2. polymers
3. water and polymers
4. none of the above

5. During the breakdown of polymers, which of the following reactions takes place?

1. hydrolysis
2. dehydration
3. condensation
4. covalent bond

6. The following chemical reactants produce the ester ethyl ethanoate (C₄H₈O₂):

C₂H₆O + CH₃COOH

What type of reaction occurs to make ethyl ethanoate?

1. condensation
2. hydrolysis
3. combustion
4. acid-base reaction

7. An example of a monosaccharide is ________.

1. fructose
2. glucose
3. galactose
4. all of the above

8. Cellulose and starch are examples of:

1. monosaccharides
2. disaccharides
3. lipids
4. polysaccharides

9. Plant cell walls contain which of the following in abundance?

1. starch
2. cellulose
3. glycogen
4. lactose

10. Lactose is a disaccharide formed by the formation of a ________ bond between glucose and ________.

1. glycosidic; lactose
2. glycosidic; galactose
3. hydrogen; sucrose
4. hydrogen; fructose

11. Which of the following is not a role of carbohydrates?

1. protect an insect’s internal organs from external trauma
2. prevent plant cells from lysing after the plant is watered
3. maintain the shape of an animal cell, such as a fish or cat
4. provide energy for muscle movement

12. Saturated fats have all of the following characteristics except:

1. they are solid at room temperature
2. they have single bonds within the carbon chain
3. they are usually obtained from animal sources
4. they tend to dissolve in water easily

13. Phospholipids are important components of ________.

1. the plasma membrane of cells
2. the ring structure of steroids
3. the waxy covering on leaves
4. the double bond in hydrocarbon chains

14. Cholesterol is an integral part of plasma membranes. Based on its structure, where is it found in the membrane?

1. on the extracellular surface
2. embedded with the phospholipid heads
3. within the tail bilayer
4. attached to the intracellular surface

15. The monomers that make up proteins are called ________.

1. nucleotides
2. disaccharides
3. amino acids
4. chaperones

16. The α-helix and the β-pleated sheet are part of which protein structure?

1. primary
2. secondary
3. tertiary
4. quaternary

17. Mad cow disease is an infectious disease where one misfolded protein causes all other copies of the protein to begin misfolding. This is an example of a disease impacting ____ structure.

1. primary
2. secondary
3. tertiary
4. quaternary

18. A nucleotide of DNA may contain ________.

1. ribose, uracil, and a phosphate group
2. deoxyribose, uracil, and a phosphate group
3. deoxyribose, thymine, and a phosphate group
4. ribose, thymine, and a phosphate group

19. The building blocks of nucleic acids are ________.

1. sugar
2. nitrogenous bases
3. peptides
4. nucleotides

20. How does the double helix structure of DNA support its role in encoding the genome?

1. The sugar-phosphate backbone provides a template for DNA replication.
2. tRNA pairing with the template strand creates proteins encoded by the genome.
3. Complementary base pairing creates a very stable structure.
4. Complementary base pairing allows for easy editing of both strands of DNA.