Diseases and Disorders
Disease and Disorder Terms Built from Known Word Parts
aphagia: lack of ability to swallow
appendicitis: inflammation of the appendix
cholangioma: tumor of a bile duct
cholecystitis: inflammation of the gallbladder
choledocholithiasis: condition of having gallstones in the common bile duct
cholelithiasis: condition of having gallstones
colitis: inflammation of the colon
diverticulitis: inflammation of one or more diverticula
diverticulosis: the condition of having diverticulitis
dyspepsia: difficult or painful digestion
dysphagia: difficulty swallowing
enteropathy: disease of the intestines
esophagitis: inflammation of the esophagus
gastritis: inflammation of the stomach
gastroenteritis: inflammation of the stomach and intestines
gastroenterocolitis: inflammation of the stomach and intestines, including the colon
gastromalacia: softening of the stomach
gingivitis: inflammation of the gums
glossitis: inflammation of the tongue
hepatitis: inflammation of the liver
hepatoma: benign tumor of the liver
hepatocarcinoma: malignant tumor of the liver
hepatomegaly: enlargement of the liver
palatitis: inflammation of the palate
pancreatitis: inflammation of the pancreas
peritonitis: inflammation of the peritoneum
polyposis: condition of having polyps
proctoptosis: drooping/falling of the rectum
rectocele: herniation of the rectum
sialolith: stone in a salivary gland or duct
steatohepatitis: inflammation of the liver with fatty tissue present
steatorrhea: discharge of undigested/partially digested fats
steatosis: abnormal condition of fat retention within a cell or organ
uvulitis: inflammation of the uvula
Disease and Disorder Terms Not Built from Known Word Parts
adhesion: fibrous bands of scar tissue that form between internal organs and tissues, joining them together abnormally
ascites: abnormal fluid collection within the abdominal cavity
celiac sprue (celiac disease): disease that occurs due to an immune reaction to gluten in the intestines; can lead to malabsorption and damage to the intestinal lining
cirrhosis: chronic liver disease that leads to destruction of hepatocytes and formation of scar tissue
cleft lip: congenital cleft in lip
cleft palate: congenital cleft in either the hard palate, soft palate, or both
Crohn disease: chronic disease of the GI tract that leads to cobblestone ulcerations and formation of scar tissue
colon cancer: malignant tumor of the colon
diarrhea: liquid or semisolid feces
dysentery: large amount of diarrhea containing blood or mucus due to damage to the intestinal lining
emesis: vomit
emetic: substance that induces vomiting
esophageal cancer: malignant tumor of the esophagus
feces: solid/semisolid waste from digestive system
flatus: intestinal gas
gastroesophageal reflux disease (acid reflux/heartburn): disease featuring pain/discomfort caused by acid being ejected from the stomach into the esophagus
hematemesis: blood in vomit
hematochezia: visible blood in stool
hemochromatosis: genetic disease that leads to increased absorption of iron in the GI tract, overproduction of red blood cells, and deposition of iron within various body tissues
hemorrhoid: varicose vein in the rectum and/or anal canal
ileus: lack of effective peristalsis in the intestines, which can lead to obstruction
intussusception: telescoping of the intestines, which can lead to obstruction
irritable bowel syndrome: disturbances in bowel function not due to another diagnosable bowel disease; can lead to periods of constipation, diarrhea, or both
melena: black, tarry stool that contains digested blood from the upper GI tract
nausea: feeling of the urge to vomit
obesity: excess body fat and increase in body weight in which BMI is over 30
peptic ulcer: erosion of the mucous membrane of the stomach, leading to pain/discomfort
polyp: tumorlike outgrowth of a mucous membrane; usually benign, but may become cancerous if not removed
reflux: GI fluids being ejected backward
stoma: surgical opening between an organ and the outside of the body, between body structures, or between intestinal portions
ulcerative colitis: chronic disease of the large intestine with inflammation of the colon and the formation of ulcers, which can cause bloody diarrhea
volvulus: twisting or kinking of an intestine, which can lead to an obstruction